Sharpness from foreground to horizon

In landscape photography, depth of field is not simply a matter of choosing the smallest possible aperture. The goal is to keep important elements sharp while retaining the best optical quality of the lens.

Aperture

For most landscapes, f/8 to f/11 is the most useful range. It offers generous depth of field without the loss of fine detail that can appear at very small apertures because of diffraction.

Focus distance

Do not automatically focus on the horizon. Focus roughly one third into the scene, or use hyperfocal distance when the foreground is very close. Magnified live view is the most reliable way to check exact focus.

ISO and shutter speed

Keep ISO at its base value whenever possible. A tripod gives you freedom to use a longer shutter speed without compromising image quality. If wind moves grass, leaves or water, choose the shutter speed deliberately: freeze the movement for detail or extend the exposure for a smoother, more graphic result.

Practical checklist

• Use a sturdy tripod and remote release or self-timer.
• Turn off stabilisation when the camera is firmly mounted.
• Check both the foreground and distant details at 100% magnification.
• Bracket exposure when the scene has a very wide brightness range.

Careful focus and a deliberate aperture will almost always matter more than stopping down as far as the lens allows.

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